高压密闭消解-电感耦合等离子体光谱和质谱联合测定海洋地质样品中52种元素   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

高晶晶  刘季花  李先国  鄢全树  王小静  汪虹敏 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(1):109-117

An improved analytical method to determine the content of 52 major, minor and trace elements in marine geological samples, using a HF-HCl-HNO_3 acid system with a high-pressure closed digestion method(HPCD), is studied by an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES) and an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS). The operating parameters of the instruments are optimized, and the optimal analytical parameters are determined. The influences of optical spectrum and mass spectrum interferences, digestion methods and acid systems on the analytical results are investigated. The optimal spectral lines and isotopes are chosen, and internal standard element of rhodium is selected to compensate for matrix effects and analytical signals drifting. Compared with the methods of an electric heating plate digestion and a microwave digestion, a high-pressure closed digestion method is optimized with less acid, complete digestion,less damage for digestion process. The marine geological samples are dissolved completely by a HF-HCl-HNO_3 system, the relative error(RE) for the analytical results are all less than 6.0%. The method detection limits are 2–40μg/g by the ICP-OES, and 6–80 ng/g by ICP-MS. The methods are used to determine the marine sediment reference materials(GBW07309, GBW07311, GBW07313), rock reference materials(GBW07103, GBW07104,GBW07105), and cobalt-rich crust reference materials(GBW07337, GBW07338, GBW07339), the obtained analytical results are in agreement with the certified values, and both of the relative standard deviation(RSD) and the relative error(RE) are less than 6.0%. The analytical method meets the requirements for determining 52 elements contents of bulk marine geological samples.  相似文献   

基于倒置声学基阵的INSUSBL组合导航算法研究     

徐博  郝芮  王超  张勋 《海洋技术学报》2017,36(5):46-52

文中关注水下潜航器导航定位时,电磁波传播途径中能量衰减、惯导系统长航时积累误差以及提高水下潜航器定位精度等问题。基于倒置的超短基线声学基阵,分析声波往返传播时间(RTT)、平面波近似方法和USBL导航解算方法及其坐标转换过程,结合INS误差方程,建立INS/USBL松组合模型。为进一步提高系统精度、动态性能和抗干扰性,考察USBL的原始斜距、斜距差以及声学基阵的空间分布信息,提出基于USBL原始输出信息的INS/USBL紧耦合组合导航方法。通过MATLAB仿真对导航算法进行验证,结果表明两种算法能充分抑制纯惯导误差随时间积累问题,且有效地估计出姿态、速度和位置误差角;其中紧耦合方法状态估计误差最小,导航参数精度相对松组合提高30%以上,对于提高水下载体导航定位精度、海洋探测具有重大意义。  相似文献   

吉林省白山市板石沟铁矿断裂构造地球化学特征     

穆宏玉  刘正宏  贾大成  李鹏川  路恩兰 《地质与资源》2017,26(5):479-488

断裂构造中元素的迁移变化规律是构造地球化学研究的主要内容.白山市板石沟铁矿断裂构造发育,是开展断裂构造地球化学研究的有利地区.通过对板石沟铁矿17矿组和赵家沟矿组典型逆断层剖面测量,采集构造岩和周围岩石,分析常量元素和微量元素,利用构造地球化学剖面法、质量等比线法和特征元素比值来反映元素在逆断层中分布特征和迁移变化规律.通过分析认为在逆断层中常量元素SiO₂、Fe₂O₃、CaO、Na₂O亏损,Al₂O₃、K₂O富集,微量元素中Rb、Sr等离子半径较大元素富集,离子半径较小元素Co、Cr、Ni亏损,K₂O/Na₂O、V/Cr、Rb/（Ni+Co）在逆断层中呈现出高值,SiO₂/Al₂O₃、（Fe₂O₃+CaO+MgO）/Al₂O₃呈现出低值.依据这些构造地球化学特征可以用来判断断裂构造的存在,为断裂构造地球化学研究和板石沟铁矿勘查提供构造地球化学依据.  相似文献   

古流体研究的无机地球化学方法综述   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

郭佳  牛博 《中国地质调查》2017,4(1):45-49

研究与成藏过程相关的古流体活动有助于深入认识油气成藏过程,从经济目的出发预测储层质量,精确分析不同阶段古流体活动对油气成藏的影响具有重要意义。目前国内外石油地质学家主要利用同位素地球化学、元素地球化学、流体包裹体分析等无机地球化学方法分析古流体活动特征及其对油气成藏的影响。在归纳前人研究成果的基础上,总结了各种无机地球化学方法的最新研究进展,认为同位素地球化学方法有助于分析古流体来源与成因,元素地球化学方法可示踪烃类流体的运移,流体包裹体分析技术结合岩相学研究可分析油气运移的时间、期次、相态、通道和油气藏的富集规律,并指出油气运移和聚集的有利方向。在运用无机地球化学方法研究古流体活动时不应局限于单一方法,综合利用多种无机地球化学方法更有利于全面分析古流体活动特征。  相似文献   

新型贴井壁式阵列方位侧向测井数值模拟与响应特性          下载免费PDF全文

高建申  孙建孟  于其蛟  崔利凯  姜艳娇 《地球物理学报》2016,59(3):1131-1142

在现有侧向测井仪器基础上,提出了一种新型贴井壁式阵列方位侧向测井电极系,该仪器能提供径向和周向方位电阻率测量.该电极系采用贴井壁测量方式,提供5种径向探测深度.利用三维有限元方法模拟了阵列方位侧向测井电极系的井眼影响特性、径向探测特性、纵向分层能力、方位分辨能力,并模拟其对井周地层、水平井非对称泥浆侵入和倾斜地层的响应.在导电泥浆中最大探测深度为1.23m,纵向分辨率为0.3m,可以识别出0.1m薄层,方位分辨率为20°.贴井壁测量时,纵向分辨率不受泥浆和围岩电阻率的影响,能够准确测量井周方位电阻率,较不贴井壁测量具有很大优势,同时利用12条方位电阻率曲线能够反映出水平井泥浆非对称侵入特性,倾斜地层倾角和倾斜方向.  相似文献   

地球自由振荡的保结构模拟          下载免费PDF全文

陈世仲  李小凡  汪文帅 《地球物理学报》2016,59(5):1685-1695

大地震等诸多激励均能激发全球自由振荡现象,通常表现为驻波形式的全球整体振荡.现有的地震波数值模拟方法多为非保结构方法,无法压制长时程计算中的积累误差.本文采用优化的三阶辛格式谱元法,对地球自由振荡及全球尺度的地震波传播进行了长时程模拟.通过与传统的基于Newmark算法的谱元方法结果对比分析,明确验证了本文所得优化的三阶辛格式谱元法在模拟地球自由振荡等大规模长时程问题上的优越性和准确性.上述进展在方法论层面为今后探测、刻画全球尺度地球非均匀结构的驻波数值方法奠定了部分基础,并为相关研究领域提供了新的选择.  相似文献   

2.5D direct‐current resistivity forward modelling and inversion by finite‐element–infinite‐element coupled method          下载免费PDF全文

Yuan Yuan  Jianke Qiang  Jingtian Tang  Zhengyong Ren  Xiao Xiao 《Geophysical Prospecting》2016,64(3):767-779

To reduce the numerical errors arising from the improper enforcement of the artificial boundary conditions on the distant surface that encloses the underground part of the subsurface, we present a finite‐element–infinite‐element coupled method to significantly reduce the computation time and memory cost in the 2.5D direct‐current resistivity inversion. We first present the boundary value problem of the secondary potential. Then, a new type of infinite element is analysed and applied to replace the conventionally used mixed boundary condition on the distant boundary. In the internal domain, a standard finite‐element method is used to derive the final system of linear equations. With a novel shape function for infinite elements at the subsurface boundary, the final system matrix is sparse, symmetric, and independent of source electrodes. Through lower upper decomposition, the multi‐pole potentials can be swiftly obtained by simple back‐substitutions. We embed the newly developed forward solution to the inversion procedure. To compute the sensitivity matrix, we adopt the efficient adjoint equation approach to further reduce the computation cost. Finally, several synthetic examples are tested to show the efficiency of inversion.  相似文献   

Seismic design and testing of buckling‐restrained braces with a thin profile          下载免费PDF全文

Pao‐Chun Lin  Keh‐Chyuan Tsai  Chieh‐An Chang  Yu‐Yun Hsiao  An‐Chien Wu 《地震工程与结构动力学》2016,45(3):339-358

A thin‐profile buckling‐restrained brace (thin‐BRB) consists of a rectangular steel casing and a flat steel core that is parallel to a gusset plate. A thin configuration reduces the width of the restraining member and thus saves usable space in buildings. However, deformable debonding layers, which cover the steel core plate in order to mitigate the difference between the peak tensile and compressive axial forces, provide a space for the steel core to form high mode buckling waves when the thin‐BRB is under compression. The wave crests squeeze the debonding layers and produce outward forces on the inner surface of the restraining member. If the restraining member is too weak in sustaining the outward forces, local bulging failure occurs and the thin‐BRB loses its compression capacity immediately. In order to investigate local bulging behavior, a total of 22 thin‐BRB specimens with a ratio of steel core plate to restraining steel tube depth ranging from 0.3 to 0.7 and axial yield force capacities ranging from 421 kN to 3036 kN were tested by applying either cyclically increasing, decreasing, or constant axial strains. The restraining steel tube widths of all the specimens were smaller than 200 mm and were infilled with mortar with a compressive strength of 97 MPa or 55 MPa. Thirteen of the 22 thin‐BRB specimens' restraining members bulged out when the compressive core strains exceeded 0.03. A seismic design method of the thin‐BRB in preventing local bulging failure is proposed in this study. Test and finite element model (FEM) analysis results suggest that the outward forces can be estimated according to the BRB compressive strength, steel core high mode buckling wavelength, and the debonding layer thickness. In addition, the capacity of the restraining member in resisting the outward forces can be estimated by using the upper bound theory in plastic analysis. Both the FEM analysis and test results indicate that the proposed method is effective in predicting the possibility of local bulging failure. Test results indicate that the proposed design method is conservative for thin‐BRB specimens with a large steel core plate to restraining steel tube depth ratio. This paper concludes with design recommendations for thin‐BRBs for severe seismic services. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于二次场电导率分块连续变化的三维可控源电磁有限元数值模拟   总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

李勇  吴小平  林品荣 《地球物理学报》2015,58(3):1072-1087

从电偶源三维地电断面可控源电磁法的二次电场边值问题及其变分问题出发,采用任意六面体单元对研究区域进行剖分,并且在单元分析中同时对电导率及二次电场进行三线性插值,实现电导率分块连续变化情况下,基于二次场的可控源电磁三维有限元数值模拟.这个新的可控源电磁三维正演方法可以模拟实际勘探中地下任意形状及电性参数连续变化的复杂模型.理论模型的计算结果表明,均匀大地计算的视电阻率误差和相位误差分别为0.002%和0.0005°.分层连续变化模型的有限元计算结果表明,其与对应的分层均匀模型解析结果有明显差异.三维异常体组合模型以及倾斜异常体等复杂模型的有限元计算结果也有效地反映了异常形态.  相似文献   

台湾碰撞带现今地壳变形场特征及其动力学成因的有限单元法模拟研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

龙小刚  朱守彪 《地球物理学报》2015,58(7):2350-2365

台湾是菲律宾海板块与欧亚板块会聚、碰撞的产物,区内地质构造复杂,地震频发,变形强烈.为定量研究台湾地区变形特征及其动力学成因,文中运用二维不连续变形体弹性力学的有限单元计算方法,利用台湾地区1995—2005年GPS的观测结果作为边界约束,对台湾地区地壳变形场进行了模拟.计算结果显示,台湾中部地区主要呈压缩状态,但在台湾的东北部及南部地区出现了拉张的变形环境.变形程度最大的区域位于台湾东部海岸山脉及其附近海域,同时,计算给出台湾纵谷断裂滑移速率约为13.8~23.5mm/yr,由于纵谷断裂对变形的吸收,因此变形在纵谷断裂以西及西北地区迅速衰减.此外,计算结果还发现,计算给出的台湾岛上的速度值与GPS观测结果吻合得较好;计算给出的主应力方位与地应力观测及震源机制解结果也颇为一致.由此说明文中的有限元模型是合理的.此外,计算结果还表明,菲律宾海板块向北西方向的推挤,板块边界形状,观音、北康高地的抵阻,冲绳海槽扩张及琉球海沟的向南后撤以及断裂作用等,共同造成了台湾地区现今变形场的主要格局.  相似文献